Underwater Robots (ROVs & AUVs): Underwater robots, including Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), are essential tools for exploring and operating in marine environments too deep or hazardous for human divers. ROVs are tethered to surface vessels and controlled in real time by operators, commonly used in offshore oil and gas inspections, underwater construction, and salvage operations. Equipped with cameras, robotic arms, and sensors, they can manipulate objects, collect samples, and conduct detailed surveys. AUVs, on the other hand, operate independently using pre-programmed missions, ideal for mapping the seafloor, monitoring ocean currents, and studying marine ecosystems. They play a vital role in scientific research, climate monitoring, and environmental protection. Both types are used in search and recovery missions, such as locating aircraft wreckage. Advanced models feature sonar, high-resolution imaging, and AI for obstacle avoidance and data analysis. Underwater robots enable long-duration missions in extreme pressures and low visibility. As ocean resources gain strategic importance and climate change impacts marine systems, these robots are critical for sustainable ocean management, deep-sea mining exploration, and understanding Earth’s last frontiers, making them indispensable in marine science and industry.
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