Machu Picchu: Perched high in the Andes, this 15th-century Inca citadel was abandoned less than a century after its construction and remained unknown to the outside world until 1911. Its purpose—whether royal estate, religious retreat, or astronomical center—is still discussed. The site’s architectural harmony with the landscape, earthquake-resistant stonework, and sophisticated water management system reflect advanced engineering. The precise methods of transporting and fitting massive stones without mortar or wheels remain impressive. While attributed to Emperor Pachacuti, the reasons for its abandonment and the depth of its spiritual significance continue to captivate historians.
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