Biefeld-Brown Effect (1920s): Observed by Thomas Townsend Brown, this effect shows a high-voltage capacitor (asymmetric electrodes) experiencing thrust toward the smaller electrode, seemingly defying gravity. Proponents claim it's electrogravitics—direct gravity manipulation. Skeptics attribute it to ion wind: air molecules ionized and repelled, creating thrust. Reproducible in atmosphere, thrust vanishes in vacuum, supporting the ion wind explanation. Despite this, Brown believed it was anti-gravity. Modern "lifter" devices demonstrate the effect. While not true anti-gravity, its persistence fuels speculation about undiscovered interactions between electricity, dielectrics, and spacetime, inspiring fringe research into novel propulsion concepts beyond conventional aerodynamics.
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