Bull Elephant (Loxodonta africana): Male elephants produce infrasonic rumbles up to 117 decibels, used for long-distance communication. These low-frequency sounds, often below human hearing, can travel over 6 miles across savannas. Bulls use them during musth—a period of heightened testosterone and aggression—to signal dominance and attract females. The rumbles are generated in the larynx and may involve ear-flapping to amplify sound. Infrasound travels farther than higher frequencies and penetrates dense vegetation. Elephants detect these vibrations through their feet and trunks. This acoustic ability supports complex social structures. Poaching and habitat fragmentation disrupt these vital communication networks, threatening elephant societies.
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