Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): Brain-Computer Interfaces enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices using neural signals. Pioneered by companies like Neuralink and academic labs, BCIs aim to restore mobility and speech for paralyzed individuals, treat neurological disorders like Parkinson’s, and eventually augment human cognition. Current systems use implanted electrodes or non-invasive headsets to decode intentions or control cursors, prosthetics, or robotic limbs. Future iterations may allow thought-based typing, memory enhancement, or seamless AR/VR interaction. Ethical concerns include privacy of neural data, consent, and potential inequality in access. Despite technical hurdles in biocompatibility and signal resolution, BCIs represent a convergence of neuroscience and engineering that could redefine human-machine symbiosis and expand the boundaries of human capability in medicine and beyond.
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