Great Pyramid of Giza (c. 2560 BCE) The Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu, is the only surviving wonder of the ancient world. Rising 146 meters originally, it comprised over 2 million limestone blocks, aligned with astonishing precision to cardinal points and celestial bodies. Its construction—without wheels, iron tools, or modern machinery—remains a subject of enduring fascination and debate. For over 3,800 years, it was the tallest man-made structure on Earth. Beyond its scale, the pyramid embodies ancient Egyptian beliefs in the afterlife, cosmic order, and divine kingship. Internal chambers, ventilation shafts, and hidden passages reveal sophisticated knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. Though looted in antiquity, its enduring presence symbolizes human ambition and spiritual aspiration. Today, it stands not just as a tomb, but as a testament to collective labor, advanced planning, and the timeless desire to reach beyond mortality through stone.
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