Picrophilus torridus

Picrophilus torridus holds the record as the most acid-tolerant organism, thriving in pH levels approaching 0 - equivalent to battery acid. This archaea microbe inhabits volcanic hot springs where temperatures reach 140°F (60°C), withstanding conditions that dissolve metals. Its specialized cell membrane contains unique lipids that resist proton penetration, while intracellular mechanisms maintain neutral pH. Discovered in Japanese sulfur vents, P. torridus grows optimally at pH 0.7, demonstrating life's incredible adaptability. Scientists study its extreme acid resistance for industrial applications and insights into potential extraterrestrial life in hostile environments.