Dark Matter: Inferred from gravitational effects on galaxies and cosmic structures, dark matter makes up about 27% of the universe—yet it emits no light or energy. Its presence explains galaxy rotation curves and gravitational lensing that visible matter alone cannot. Despite decades of searches using underground detectors and particle colliders, no direct detection has occurred. Leading candidates include WIMPs or axions, but none confirmed. Dark matter’s invisible dominance shapes the cosmos, yet its fundamental nature remains one of physics’ greatest unsolved problems, challenging the Standard Model and driving next-generation astrophysical experiments.
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