Dark Energy: Discovered in 1998 through observations of distant supernovae, dark energy is a mysterious force causing the universe’s expansion to accelerate, not slow down. It constitutes about 68% of the universe’s total energy. Its nature is unknown—possibly a property of space itself (cosmological constant) or a dynamic energy field (quintessence). Unlike gravity, it repels. Its uniform distribution and weak local effect make direct detection impossible with current technology. Dark energy’s existence reshaped cosmology, but its origin and mechanism remain deeply enigmatic, central to understanding the universe’s ultimate fate.
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