Smart Cities: Smart cities integrate IoT sensors, AI, and data analytics to optimize urban infrastructure—traffic, energy, waste, and security. Real-time monitoring improves efficiency, reduces emissions, and enhances quality of life. Examples include adaptive traffic lights, smart grids, and automated public services. By 2050, most megacities will adopt smart technologies. Challenges include data privacy, cybersecurity, and digital divides. Investment is growing globally, driven by urbanization and climate goals. Smart cities represent the future of sustainable living, using technology to create responsive, resilient urban environments that balance innovation with citizen well-being and equitable access to resources.
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