The Punic Wars (264–146 BC)

The Punic Wars (264–146 BC), a series of three epic conflicts between Rome and Carthage, reshaped the ancient Mediterranean world. Fought over trade dominance and territorial expansion, these wars featured legendary figures like Hannibal, who famously crossed the Alps with war elephants. Rome’s eventual victory, marked by the utter destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, established its supremacy and set the stage for its empire. The wars introduced advanced military tactics, spurred naval innovation, and demonstrated Rome’s ruthless ambition. Their outcome influenced the cultural and political trajectory of Western civilization for centuries.