Medical Imaging (X-ray to MRI): Medical imaging began with Wilhelm Röntgen’s 1895 discovery of X-rays, allowing non-invasive visualization of bones and internal structures. Over the 20th century, technologies evolved dramatically: ultrasound used sound waves for real-time soft-tissue imaging; CT scans combined X-rays for 3D cross-sections; PET revealed metabolic activity; and MRI, developed in the 1970s, used magnetic fields and radio waves for unparalleled soft-tissue contrast without radiation. These tools revolutionized diagnosis, enabling early detection of tumors, strokes, fractures, and internal injuries. They also guide surgeries, biopsies, and radiation therapy with precision. Functional MRI even maps brain activity, advancing neuroscience. Today, AI-enhanced imaging improves accuracy and speed. Collectively, imaging shifted medicine from inference based on symptoms to direct observation, making it indispensable in emergency rooms, oncology, neurology, and preventive care worldwide.
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