Climate Change: Climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial agriculture, is causing global temperatures to rise at an unprecedented rate. The consequences include more frequent and intense heatwaves, hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires, as well as rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities. Ocean acidification disrupts marine ecosystems, while shifting climate zones affect agriculture and water availability. The 2015 Paris Agreement aimed to limit warming to well below 2°C, but current national pledges fall short. Climate justice issues arise as vulnerable nations—least responsible for emissions—suffer disproportionately. Tipping points, such as melting permafrost or collapsing ice sheets, risk triggering irreversible feedback loops. Urgent decarbonization, renewable energy adoption, and adaptation strategies are essential to avert catastrophic outcomes this century.
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