The Scientific Revolution (16th-17th Century)

The Scientific Revolution (16th-17th century) transformed humanity's understanding of nature by replacing medieval dogma with empirical inquiry. Pioneers like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton established heliocentrism, the scientific method, and universal laws of motion through observation and mathematics. This intellectual movement challenged Church authority while advancing tools like microscopes and telescopes. Its emphasis on experimentation and reason laid foundations for modern physics, astronomy, and biology, sparking technological progress that would fuel the Industrial Revolution. This radical shift from tradition to evidence-based knowledge reshaped every aspect of society, marking the birth of modern science and its unprecedented power to explain - and eventually manipulate - the natural world.