Egyptian Mythology (Ancient Egypt) Egyptian mythology revolved around maintaining maat—cosmic order, truth, and balance—against chaos (isfet). Gods like Ra (sun), Osiris (afterlife), Isis (magic), and Horus (kingship) governed natural and spiritual realms. Creation myths varied by city: in Heliopolis, Atum emerged from primordial waters to birth the world. The afterlife was central: souls underwent judgment before Osiris, with hearts weighed against Maat’s feather. Pharaohs were divine intermediaries, ensuring harmony through ritual. Myths explained the Nile’s floods, solar cycles, and death’s inevitability. Temples, tombs, and papyri (like the Book of the Dead) preserved stories for over 3,000 years. Animal-headed deities symbolized traits (Thoth as ibis = wisdom). Despite foreign conquests, core beliefs endured until Christianity’s rise. Today, Egyptian mythology fascinates for its intricate cosmology, emphasis on moral accountability beyond death, and fusion of religion with statecraft—where spirituality sustained civilization itself.
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