Measurement Problem: Why does a quantum system exist in a superposition of states until measured, when it "collapses" to a definite outcome? What constitutes a "measurement"? Is it conscious observation, interaction with a macroscopic device, or decoherence? The Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment illustrates the absurdity: a cat simultaneously alive and dead until observed. Interpretations vary: Copenhagen (collapse is fundamental), Many-Worlds (all outcomes occur in branching universes), or Decoherence (environmental interaction). No consensus exists. The problem questions the nature of reality and observation, blurring the line between the quantum world and classical experience, making it one of quantum theory’s deepest philosophical challenges.
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