Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: This principle states certain pairs of properties (like position and momentum, or energy and time) cannot be precisely known simultaneously. The more accurately one is measured, the less accurately the other can be known. It’s not a measurement limitation but a fundamental property of quantum systems. It arises from wave-particle duality and the non-commutativity of quantum operators. The uncertainty principle sets limits on knowledge and underlies quantum fluctuations. It prevents electrons from crashing into nuclei, ensuring atomic stability. Despite its predictive power, the principle’s philosophical implications—about inherent indeterminacy in nature—remain deeply mysterious and counterintuitive.
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