CRISPR Gene Editing (2012): Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier developed CRISPR-Cas9 a precise gene-editing tool adapted from bacterial immune defenses. It allows targeted DNA modifications with unprecedented ease and affordability. Applications span curing genetic disorders engineering crops and eradicating pests. The technology has accelerated biomedical research and sparked global debate over designer babies and bioethics. Despite concerns about off-target effects and misuse CRISPR represents a leap in humanity’s ability to manipulate life. Its discovery earned the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and continues to drive innovation in synthetic biology personalized medicine and environmental conservation.
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