Lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles): Native to the Indo-Pacific, lionfish were likely released from aquariums into the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. With no natural predators, they have spread rapidly, consuming native fish and invertebrates at alarming rates. Their venomous spines deter attacks, and a single female can release up to 2 million eggs per year. They reduce biodiversity and harm coral reef health by preying on herbivorous fish that control algae. Divers and conservationists organize culling events, and some promote lionfish as a sustainable seafood option. Despite efforts, their range continues to expand. The lionfish invasion illustrates the dangers of the aquarium trade and the vulnerability of marine ecosystems to invasive predators.
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