Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus): Gray whales complete a 10,000- to 12,000-mile round-trip migration, one of the longest of any mammal. Each fall, they travel from Arctic feeding grounds to lagoons in Baja California, Mexico, to breed and give birth. Calves are born without blubber and need warm waters to survive. The journey takes 2–3 months, during which adults fast. Mothers and calves stay close to shore, avoiding orcas. In spring, they return north, often with newborns in tow. Their migration is predictable and visible from land, drawing tourists. Once hunted nearly to extinction, gray whales have recovered, offering hope for marine conservation and the resilience of migratory species.
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