Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus): The Arctic fox thrives in temperatures as low as -50°C thanks to its dense, multi-layered fur and compact body that minimizes heat loss. Its furry paws act like snowshoes and provide insulation while walking on ice. It changes coat color seasonally—white in winter for camouflage, brown in summer—while maintaining excellent thermal regulation. The fox has a complex nasal structure that warms incoming air and conserves moisture. It stores food in permafrost caches and can lower its metabolic rate to conserve energy. Highly adaptable, it follows polar bears to scavenge kills. Its circulatory system uses counter-current heat exchange to protect extremities. This small predator exemplifies survival in one of Earth’s coldest ecosystems.
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