The Antikythera Mechanism (1901)

Recovered from a Roman shipwreck in 1901, the Antikythera Mechanism is an ancient Greek device often called the world's first analog computer. This complex bronze gear system, dating to the 2nd century BCE, could predict astronomical positions, eclipses, and calendar events with remarkable precision. Its sophistication, which was unmatched for over a millennium, radically altered our understanding of ancient Greek technological and scientific capabilities.