The Aztec Empire (1428 - 1521)

The Aztec Empire (1428-1521) emerged as a dominant Mesoamerican power through strategic alliances and military conquests. Centered in Tenochtitlan (modern-day Mexico City), this sophisticated civilization built a tribute-based economy, developed advanced agriculture with floating chinampas, and practiced elaborate religious ceremonies. At its height under rulers like Moctezuma I, it controlled 5 million people across central Mexico. The empire's rapid collapse came in 1521 when Hernán Cortés exploited internal rebellions and used superior weaponry to overthrow Tenochtitlan. Despite its short duration, Aztec innovations in urban planning, mathematics, and art significantly influenced Mexican culture, with enduring traditions surviving the Spanish conquest.