Gunpowder

Gunpowder was first developed in 9th century China by alchemists seeking an elixir of immortality. This mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal revolutionized warfare, leading to the creation of firearms, cannons, and explosives. While initially used for fireworks and ceremonial purposes, its military applications spread across the world, altering the nature of combat, siege warfare, and ultimately changing the course of history and the balance of power.