Civil Rights Movement (USA) The Civil Rights Movement in the United States (1950s–1960s) was a pivotal struggle for racial equality and an end to systemic segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans. Led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X, it employed nonviolent protest, legal challenges, and mass mobilization—including the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Greensboro sit-ins, and 1963 March on Washington. Landmark victories included the Civil Rights Act (1964), Voting Rights Act (1965), and desegregation of public spaces. Rooted in centuries of resistance to slavery and Jim Crow, the movement combined church networks, student activism, and media strategy to expose brutality and demand moral accountability. Though it faced violent opposition—including bombings and assassinations—it shifted national conscience and inspired global anti-racism efforts. Its legacy endures in ongoing fights against police brutality and structural inequality, notably through Black Lives Matter. The movement demonstrated how disciplined nonviolence, coalition-building, and strategic litigation could dismantle institutionalized oppression, setting a blueprint for democratic change worldwide while affirming that justice delayed is justice denied.
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