Environmental Movement The Environmental Movement arose in the mid-20th century in response to industrial pollution, deforestation, and ecological degradation, evolving into a global force for climate justice and sustainability. Catalyzed by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962), which exposed pesticide dangers, it led to Earth Day (1970), the U.S. EPA’s creation, and landmark laws like the Clean Air Act. Internationally, it spurred the Paris Agreement (2015) and UN climate frameworks. Modern activism, led by Indigenous groups and youth like Greta Thunberg, emphasizes climate equity—highlighting how marginalized communities bear disproportionate environmental harm. Tactics range from scientific advocacy to civil disobedience (e.g., Extinction Rebellion). The movement links conservation with human rights, opposing extractive industries and promoting renewable energy, circular economies, and biodiversity protection. Though criticized for early elitism, it now centers frontline voices and intergenerational responsibility. As wildfires, floods, and heatwaves intensify, the movement asserts that planetary health is inseparable from social justice—making ecological stewardship not optional, but existential.
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