Indian Independence Movement The Indian Independence Movement (1857–1947) was a multifaceted struggle against British colonial rule, uniting diverse regions, religions, and ideologies under the goal of self-governance. While early resistance included the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the 20th-century phase was defined by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance). Mass campaigns like the Salt March (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942) mobilized millions through civil disobedience, boycotts of British goods, and promotion of swadeshi (local production). Leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, and Subhas Chandra Bose offered complementary visions—some favoring negotiation, others armed struggle. Despite tragic communal violence and the eventual Partition into India and Pakistan, independence was achieved on August 15, 1947. The movement inspired anti-colonial struggles worldwide, proving moral force could challenge imperial might. Gandhi’s emphasis on truth, simplicity, and grassroots empowerment left a lasting ethical legacy. Though post-independence challenges persist—caste inequality, poverty, religious tension—the movement remains a testament to unity in diversity and the power of disciplined, people-centered resistance against oppression.
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