Proto-Elamite: Dating back to around 3100–2900 BCE in what is now southwestern Iran, Proto-Elamite is the oldest known writing system in Iran and one of the earliest in the world. It predates cuneiform and features abstract, linear symbols impressed on clay tablets. Though some numerical notations and accounting signs have been interpreted, the majority of the script remains unreadable. Only about 1,600 tablets survive, mostly from Susa. Recent imaging technologies have revealed new details, but without a bilingual text or known language family, Proto-Elamite remains a profound mystery of early Mesopotamian-era writing.
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