William Crookes and Florence Cook (1874) British scientist Sir William Crookes conducted extensive séance experiments with medium Florence Cook who materialized a spirit named Katie King. Crookes claimed rigorous controls including physical measurements and photography of the entity. He vouched for authenticity despite accusations of fraud and romantic involvement with Cook. Critics noted she resembled King too closely. Modern analysis suggests clever stagecraft but Crookes’ scientific reputation lent credibility to Spiritualism. The séances highlighted tensions between empirical science and psychic claims influencing debates on research methodology in parapsychology.
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