Camel (Camelus dromedarius): The dromedary camel thrives in desert heat up to 50°C by tolerating significant body temperature fluctuations—from 34°C at night to 41°C during the day—reducing the need to sweat. Its thick fur insulates against solar heat while allowing internal heat dissipation. Camels conserve water by producing dry feces and concentrated urine, and their red blood cells can expand to absorb water quickly during rare drinking opportunities. They can lose up to 30% of body weight in water without dehydration effects. Their nostrils close to keep out sand, and they have thick eyelashes and can close their ears. This suite of adaptations enables survival in prolonged heat and aridity.
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