The Turing Test (1950) The Turing Test (1950)Alan Turing’s 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” introduced the Imitation Game—now known as the Turing Test—as a practical criterion for machine intelligence. Instead of debating “Can machines think?”, Turing proposed a behavioral test: if a human evaluator cannot reliably distinguish a machine from a human through conversation, the machine exhibits intelligent behavior. Though criticized for focusing on deception over true understanding, the test inspired decades of AI research and remains a cultural benchmark. Early chatbots like ELIZA (1966) attempted to pass it, and modern systems like GPT-4 come closer than ever. While many AI researchers now consider the test insufficient for measuring general intelligence, its historical role in framing AI’s goals is undeniable. Turing’s vision laid the philosophical groundwork for the field, shifting focus from metaphysics to observable performance.
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