Large Language Models and Generative AI (2020–2023): The release of GPT-3 (2020) and subsequent models like ChatGPT (2022) and GPT-4 (2023) marked the rise of generative AI—systems that produce human-like text, code, and reasoning at scale. Trained on vast internet corpora, these models exhibit emergent abilities: few-shot learning, logical inference, and creative writing. ChatGPT’s public launch triggered unprecedented adoption, demonstrating AI’s potential in education, customer service, and software development. While not truly understanding language, they simulate coherence through statistical patterns. Concerns about misinformation, bias, and job disruption emerged alongside excitement. Multimodal extensions now handle images, audio, and video. These models represent a shift from task-specific AI to general-purpose assistants, blurring lines between tool and collaborator. Their societal impact—economic, ethical, and cultural—cements this era as a defining milestone in AI history.
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