Dartmouth Workshop (1956): The 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence is widely regarded as the founding event of AI as a formal discipline. Organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, and Nathaniel Rochester, it brought together leading minds to explore the hypothesis that “every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.” Though overly optimistic—participants believed major breakthroughs were just months away—the workshop coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” and established core research agendas: problem-solving, language processing, neural nets, and abstraction. Despite limited immediate results, it catalyzed institutional support, academic programs, and funding. The Dartmouth meeting created a shared identity for AI researchers and set the stage for decades of innovation, making it the symbolic birthplace of modern AI.
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