IBM Deep Blue vs. Kasparov (1997): In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue became the first computer to defeat a reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, in a six-game match under standard time controls. Combining brute-force search (evaluating 200 million positions per second) with specialized chess heuristics and human-tuned evaluation functions, Deep Blue showcased the power of hybrid AI. Though not “intelligent” in a general sense—it couldn’t adapt beyond chess—the victory captured global attention and proved machines could outperform humans in complex, strategic domains. Critics noted Kasparov’s psychological stress and disputed game conditions, but the symbolic milestone was undeniable. Deep Blue accelerated interest in AI applications for logistics, finance, and optimization. It also highlighted the difference between narrow AI and human-like reasoning, setting the stage for future quests in more open-ended challenges like Go and real-world decision-making.
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