Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense, 1960s): Part of the U.S. military’s chemical and biological warfare testing, Project SHAD exposed service members to nerve agents, biological simulants, and toxins without their knowledge or consent. Tests were conducted on ships at sea to study dispersion and protective measures. Veterans later reported chronic health issues but were denied information for decades. Declassified in the 2000s, the program sparked outrage and congressional investigations. It exemplifies the ethical failure of military research that prioritizes operational readiness over service members’ rights, reinforcing the need for transparency and accountability in defense-related scientific experimentation.
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