Dark Matter: Dark matter is an invisible substance that makes up about 27% of the universe’s mass-energy content, detectable only through its gravitational effects on galaxies and galaxy clusters. Stars orbit galactic centers faster than visible matter can explain, and gravitational lensing reveals unseen mass bending light. Despite decades of searching, no direct detection has confirmed its particle nature—leading to theories involving WIMPs, axions, or modifications to gravity like MOND. Experiments deep underground and in space continue the hunt, but dark matter remains elusive. Its existence is widely accepted because it fits cosmological models so well, yet its identity defies the Standard Model of particle physics. Solving this mystery could revolutionize our understanding of fundamental forces and the structure of the cosmos, potentially revealing entirely new realms of physical law.
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