The Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry: The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter, which would annihilate each other, leaving only energy. Yet we live in a universe dominated by matter—an imbalance known as baryon asymmetry. This implies a slight violation of symmetry laws (CP violation) in the early universe, allowing one extra matter particle per billion annihilations. While CP violation has been observed in quarks and neutrinos, it’s far too weak to explain the observed imbalance. Physicists search for new sources in undiscovered particles or interactions beyond the Standard Model. Experiments at CERN and neutrino observatories aim to uncover clues. Solving this puzzle would explain why stars, planets, and humans exist at all—and could reveal profound new symmetries or dimensions governing cosmic evolution.
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