The Information Paradox of Black Holes: According to quantum mechanics, information cannot be destroyed. But black holes appear to erase it: matter falling in seems lost forever, and Hawking radiation appears random. This contradiction—the black hole information paradox—challenges the unity of physics. Proposed resolutions include holography (information encoded on the event horizon), firewalls, or ER=EPR (entangled particles connected by wormholes). Recent work suggests information slowly leaks out via subtle correlations in Hawking radiation. Resolving the paradox may validate the holographic principle, where a lower-dimensional boundary encodes higher-dimensional reality. It’s a litmus test for quantum gravity theories and could redefine our understanding of spacetime, causality, and the nature of information itself in the cosmos.
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