Chang’e Lunar Missions (China): China’s Chang’e program, named after a moon goddess, has rapidly advanced lunar exploration. Chang’e 3 (2013) delivered the Yutu rover—the first soft landing since 1976. Chang’e 4 (2019) made history by landing on the Moon’s far side, using a relay satellite for communication. Most notably, Chang’e 5 (2020) returned 1.7 kilograms of lunar samples—the first since 1976—providing new insights into the Moon’s volcanic history. Future missions aim for a robotic research station at the lunar south pole. These achievements demonstrate China’s growing space capabilities and strategic vision. As part of broader international lunar ambitions, Chang’e contributes valuable data and sets the stage for sustained human presence, proving that lunar exploration remains a dynamic, multi-nation endeavor in the 21st century.
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