São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo is the largest city in the Southern Hemisphere, with a metropolitan population exceeding 22 million. As Brazil’s economic heart, it generates nearly 10% of the nation’s GDP through finance, industry, and commerce. The city is a mosaic of cultures—home to the world’s largest Japanese community outside Japan, alongside Italian, Lebanese, and African diasporas—reflected in its diverse cuisine and festivals. Traffic congestion and inequality remain pressing issues, with favelas adjacent to gleaming business districts. Yet São Paulo is also a center for arts, hosting Latin America’s biggest art biennial and vibrant street art scenes. Public transport, including an extensive metro, struggles to keep pace with demand. Environmental concerns include air quality and urban flooding. Recent years have seen investments in bike lanes and green spaces. Despite challenges, its entrepreneurial spirit and cultural dynamism make São Paulo a defining megacity of the Global South.
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