Hubble Space Telescope (NASA/ESA): Launched in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth, capturing unparalleled visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared images of the universe. Despite an initial mirror flaw corrected in 1993, Hubble has revolutionized astronomy by providing deep-field views revealing thousands of galaxies, helping determine the universe’s expansion rate, and confirming the existence of supermassive black holes. It has observed exoplanet atmospheres, stellar nurseries, and supernovae, contributing to over 18,000 scientific papers. Serviced by Space Shuttle missions, Hubble’s longevity and adaptability have made it one of the most productive scientific instruments ever. A joint project between NASA and ESA, it symbolizes international collaboration in space. Hubble’s iconic images have also captured public imagination, advancing science education and outreach. As a precursor to the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble’s legacy endures, continuously expanding our understanding of cosmic evolution, dark energy, and the fundamental nature of the universe.
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