Perseverance Rover and Ingenuity Helicopter (NASA, USA): NASA’s Perseverance rover, with the Ingenuity helicopter, landed on Mars in 2021 in Jezero Crater, a former lake and river delta. Perseverance seeks signs of ancient microbial life, collecting and caching rock samples for a future return mission. Equipped with advanced instruments, it has analyzed organic matter and produced oxygen from CO2 via the MOXIE experiment. Ingenuity, a small rotorcraft, achieved the first powered, controlled flight on another planet, demonstrating aerial exploration in Mars’ thin atmosphere. After 72 flights, it far exceeded its planned five-flight mission. Together, they represent a new era of robotic exploration. Perseverance’s findings deepen our understanding of Mars’ habitability, while Ingenuity opens possibilities for future aerial scouts. This mission combines cutting-edge science, engineering innovation, and interplanetary aviation, setting new standards for Mars exploration and preparing for eventual human missions.
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