CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing (2012) CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing (2012)Developed by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, CRISPR-Cas9 allows precise, affordable, and rapid genome editing. By using a guide RNA to target specific DNA sequences, the Cas9 enzyme cuts the DNA, enabling gene knockout, repair, or insertion. This tool has revolutionized genetic research, disease modeling, and drug development. It holds promise for curing genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. CRISPR is also used in agriculture to create disease-resistant crops. Despite ethical concerns, especially around germline editing, its potential for precision medicine and biological innovation makes it one of the most significant scientific advances of the 21st century.
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