Synthetic Biology & Minimal Genome (JCVI-syn3.0, 2016): Scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute created JCVI-syn3.0, a synthetic organism with the smallest known genome of any self-replicating cell—just 473 genes. By designing and assembling a minimal genome from scratch, researchers identified essential genes for life. This breakthrough enables the engineering of custom microbes for specific tasks, such as producing biofuels, pharmaceuticals, or biodegradable materials. Synthetic biology combines biology with engineering principles to design biological systems. JCVI-syn3.0 provides a chassis for adding functional modules, advancing bio-manufacturing and understanding life’s fundamentals. It represents a leap toward programmable biology, with vast implications for medicine, energy, and environmental sustainability.
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