Prime Editing (2019): Prime editing is a “search-and-replace” genome editing technology that can insert, delete, or swap DNA sequences with high precision and minimal off-target effects. Developed by David Liu, it uses a modified Cas9 and reverse transcriptase to directly write new genetic information into a target site. It can correct up to 89% of known disease-causing genetic variants, including those previously inaccessible to CRISPR. Successful in human cells and animal models, prime editing holds potential for treating conditions like cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs disease. It avoids double-strand breaks, enhancing safety. Though delivery and efficiency challenges remain, prime editing represents a major leap toward truly versatile and safe gene correction, expanding the therapeutic potential of genetic medicine.
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