University of Naples Federico II: Founded in 1224 in Naples Italy by Emperor Frederick II the University of Naples Federico II is the oldest state-funded university in the world. Created to train administrators and lawyers for the kingdom it was among the first institutions established by royal decree rather than ecclesiastical authority. It played a crucial role in the development of secular education in Europe. Over the centuries it expanded into medicine science engineering and the humanities. Despite periods of political turmoil the university maintained continuous operation. Today it is one of Italy’s largest and most important universities combining historic prestige with modern research. Its founding marked a pivotal shift toward state involvement in higher education influencing the evolution of public universities across Europe.
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