Vertical Farming and Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA): Vertical farming grows crops in stacked layers indoors using hydroponics, aeroponics, and LED lighting, minimizing land and water use while maximizing yield. Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) regulates temperature, humidity, and nutrients for optimal growth year-round, independent of weather. These systems reduce pesticide use, eliminate runoff, and enable local food production in urban areas, cutting transportation emissions. Water recycling can reduce usage by up to 95% compared to traditional farming. While energy demands for lighting are a concern, pairing with renewables improves sustainability. Vertical farms supply fresh produce consistently and are resilient to climate disruptions. As a scalable solution for food security and sustainable agriculture, this technology transforms how we grow food in a resource-constrained world.
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