Energy-Efficient Building Design (Passive House, Net-Zero Buildings): Energy-efficient building design minimizes energy consumption through superior insulation, airtight construction, high-performance windows, heat recovery ventilation, and passive solar gain—principles embodied in the Passive House standard. Net-zero buildings generate as much energy as they consume, typically via rooftop solar and efficient systems. These designs drastically reduce heating, cooling, and electricity needs, lowering carbon emissions and utility costs. Smart controls, green roofs, and sustainable materials further enhance performance. Retrofits can upgrade existing structures. As buildings account for nearly 40% of global energy use, widespread adoption of efficient design is critical for climate goals. By combining comfort, affordability, and sustainability, this technology transforms the built environment into a key pillar of the green transition.
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