Biodegradable Plastics and Alternative Materials: Biodegradable plastics, made from renewable sources like corn starch, sugarcane, or microbial fermentation, break down naturally under specific conditions, reducing plastic pollution and reliance on fossil fuels. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are common examples used in packaging, bags, and disposable items. Unlike conventional plastics that persist for centuries, these materials decompose into harmless compounds. Innovations include algae-based plastics and mycelium packaging, offering compostable alternatives. Challenges include proper disposal infrastructure and performance limitations. However, as regulations tighten and consumer demand grows, biodegradable materials are replacing single-use plastics in many sectors. This shift supports a circular economy, reduces ocean and landfill waste, and promotes sustainable material innovation.
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