Marie Curie: Marie Curie (1867–1934) was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win in two different scientific fields—Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911). She pioneered research on radioactivity (a term she coined), discovering polonium and radium alongside her husband Pierre. Her work proved atoms were not indivisible and laid foundations for nuclear physics and cancer therapy. During World War I, she developed mobile X-ray units for battlefield hospitals. Despite facing gender barriers and working in poor conditions, she became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Her relentless dedication ultimately cost her life—she died from radiation exposure. Curie’s legacy endures in medical imaging, radiation treatment, and as a global icon for women in science, embodying perseverance, intellect, and humanitarianism.
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